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2026, 04, v.47 57-67
脑耐力训练改善精神疲劳状态下运动表现的理论基础与作用机制
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DOI: 10.13598/j.issn1004-4590.2026.04.002
发布时间: 2026-07-25
出版时间: 2026-07-25
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摘要:

脑耐力训练(brain endurance training, BET)融合认知任务与体能训练,能够增强个体对精神疲劳的抵抗力,其在优化运动表现方面的应用价值逐渐受到关注。本综述采用文献资料法,对BET的研究进展、训练效果及作用机制进行了系统梳理。现有证据提示,BET能够增强对精神疲劳的抵抗力,提升耐力运动表现,并对疲劳状态下的专项技能和认知功能产生积极影响。BET提高疲劳状态下运动表现的作用机制尚未明确,目前的推测主要从自主神经系统的调节、前额叶皮层活动增强、前扣带回介导的感知努力重塑,以及三重脑网络调控等方面进行阐释。目前,BET方案的异质性较大,长期训练效果及神经机制有待深入研究。未来应进一步加强BET的训练效果与作用机制研究,建立规范化的训练与评价体系,拓展BET在不同运动项目和人群中的应用策略,为科学运动训练和运动健康促进提供理论参考与实践依据。

Abstract:

Brain endurance training(BET), which integrates cognitive tasks and physical training, can improve the resistance to mental fatigue, and has increasingly drawn attention for its application in optimizing athletic performance. This review systematically summarizes the research progress, training benefits, and mechanisms of action of BET using a literature review method. Existing evidence suggests that BET can enhance resistance to mental fatigue, improve endurance performance, and positively impact sport-specific skills and cognitive function under fatigue. The mechanism by which BET improves exercise performance under fatigue is not yet clear, but current speculation suggests it may be related to the regulation of the autonomic nervous system, enhanced prefrontal cortex activity, perceptual effort remodeling mediated by the anterior cingulate cortex, and the regulation of the triple brain network. Currently, BET programs exhibit significant heterogeneity, and the long-term training effects and neural mechanisms require further investigation. Future research should focus on strengthening the training effects and mechanisms of BET, establishing a standardized training and evaluation system, and expanding the application strategies of BET in different sports and populations, providing theoretical reference and practical basis for scientific sports training and exercise health promotion.

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基本信息:

DOI:10.13598/j.issn1004-4590.2026.04.002

中图分类号:G808.1;G804.7

引用信息:

[1]马婧.脑耐力训练改善精神疲劳状态下运动表现的理论基础与作用机制[J].体育与科学,2026,47(04):57-67.DOI:10.13598/j.issn1004-4590.2026.04.002.

发布时间:

2026-07-25

出版时间:

2026-07-25

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